- •Latin and Fundamentals of Medical Terminology
- •Гродно 2005
- •Учебное пособие предназначено для иностранных студентов лечебного, педиатрического и медико-психологического факультетов медицинских вузов, изучающих дисциплину «Латинский язык и основы медицинской терминологии» на английском языке.
- •I. ROMAN ALPHABET
- •Letter
- •II. Pronunciation of vowels and diphthongs
- •III. Pronunciation of consonants and digraphs
- •IV. Pronunciation of letter combinations
- •V. EXERCIsES
- •I. Division of words into syllables
- •II. The main rules for the position of an accent in Latin.
- •Rules
- •English
- •Nominative
- •Latin
- •Learn components of medicinal plants
- •Learn names of medicinal plants
- •Learn drug names:
- •before meals
- •as needed
- •every 3 hours
- •Learn names of drugs:
- •Learn names of medicinal plants:
- •Other words:
- •Learn names of drugs:
- •Learn names of medicinal plants:
- •Other words:
- •Learn names of acids:
- •Learn names of drugs:
- •Other words:
- •Learn names of drugs:
- •Learn names of medicinal plants:
- •Other words:
- •III. Graphically signed stress
- •IV. ACCENT IN WORDS OF GREEK ORIGIN
- •V. Exercises
- •I. ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
- •II. STRUCTURE OF ANATOMICAL TERMS
- •III. GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES OF A NOUN
- •GENDER
- •NUMBER
- •CASE
- •IV. DICTIONARY FORM OF A NOUN
- •V. DECLENSION
- •First declension
- •Third declension
- •Fourth declension
- •Fifth declension
- •VI. STEM OF NOUNS
- •VII. Exercises
- •VIII. VOCABULARY
- •I. INTRODUCTION
- •IV. The 2nd group adjectives of one form for all genders
- •VI. Exercises
- •VII. VOCABULARY
- •I. INTRODUCTION: DEGREES OF COMPARISON
- •II. The comparative degree
- •III. The superlative degree
- •VI. Exercises
- •VII. VOCABULARY
- •I. PARTICULARITIES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION
- •II. STEM OF LATIN THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS
- •III. ENDINGS OF LATIN THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS
- •IV. Exceptions to the rule of the masculine third declension nouns ENDINGS
- •V. LATIN MUSCLE NAMES
- •VI. Exercises
- •VII. VOCABULARY
- •I. ENDINGS OF FEMININE THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS
- •II. Exceptions to the rule of the FEMININE third declension nouns ENDINGS
- •III. Exercises
- •I. ENDINGS OF NEUTER THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS
- •II. Exceptions to the rule of the NEUTER third declension nouns ENDINGS
- •III. Exercises
- •I. Nouns and adjectives endings in Nominative plural
- •IV. Exercises
- •V. VOCABULARY
- •I. Nouns and adjectives endings in GENITIVE plural
- •II. Particularities of the Genitive plural formation in the 3rd declension.
- •IV. VOCABULARY
- •I. ROLE OF PREFIXION IN THE FORMATION OF ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TERMS
- •II. LATIN AND GREEK PREFIXES USED IN THE ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
- •IV. VOCABULARY
- •II. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •LESSON 5
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •Tetracyclīnum, i n
- •Writing good prescriptions
- •VI. Greek & Latin-English Clinical Dictionary
- •V. Latin-English Pharmaceutical Dictionary
- •VI. English-Latin Pharmaceutical Dictionary
- •VIII. Sample of the Examination Card
- •Latin and Fundamentals of Medical Terminology
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3. Make up the Genitive plural forms of the following adjectives:
1) dexter, tra, trum |
7) articulāris, e |
2) inferior, ius |
8) mucōsus, a, um |
3) laterālis, e |
9) thoracĭcus, a, um |
4) internus, a, um |
10) temporālis, e |
5) commūnis, e |
11) superior, ius |
6) latus, a, um |
12) longissĭmus, a, um |
4. Make up the Genitive plural forms:
vas lymphatĭcum superficiāle; nervus craniālis;
vena pulmonālis; cornu minus; processus transversus; concha nasālis; valvŭla semilunāris.
IV. VOCABULARY |
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1. |
articulatĭo, ōnis f |
joint |
2. |
auriculāris, e |
auricular |
3. |
chiasma, ătis n |
chiasm |
4. |
craniālis, e |
cranial |
5. |
extensor, ōris m |
extensor |
6. |
fibulāris, e |
fibular |
7. |
flavus, a, um |
yellow |
8. |
flexor, ōris m |
flexor |
9. |
interalveolāris, e |
interalveolar |
10. |
interradiculāris, e |
interradicular |
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11. |
linguālis, e |
lingual |
12. |
massa, ae f |
mass |
13. |
medulla, ae f |
medulla |
14. |
medulla ossĭum |
(bone) marrow |
15. |
nodŭlus, i m |
nodulus |
16. |
papilla, ae f |
papila |
17. |
peron(a)eus, a, um |
fibular |
18. |
plica, ae f |
fold |
19. |
retinacŭlum, i n |
retinaculum |
20. |
ruber, bra, brum |
red |
21. |
semilunāris, e |
semilunar |
22. |
trigeminālis, e |
trigeminal |
23. |
trochleāris, e |
trochlear |
24. |
regĭo, ōnis f |
region |
25. |
incisīvus, a, um |
incisive |
26. |
radix, īcis f |
root |
27. |
sanguiněus, a, um |
blood |
28. |
ciliāris, e |
ciliary |
29. |
tonsilla, ae f |
tonsil |
30. |
parĭes, ētis m |
wall |
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LESSON 11
PREFIXES IN THE ANATOMICAL
TERMINOLOGY
In this lesson you will:
•Become familiar with the role of prefixion in the formation of anatomical and histological terms
•Learn the principal Latin and Greek prefixes used in the anatomical terminology
This lesson is divided into the following sections:
V.Role of prefixion in the formation of anatomical and histological terms
VI. Latin and Greek prefixes used in the anatomical terminology VII. Exercises.
VIII. Vocabulary
I. ROLE OF PREFIXION IN THE FORMATION OF ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TERMS
It is known that the body or organs of the body may be sectioned according to planes of reference. These include a midsagittal plane that runs vertically through a structure, dividing it into right and left halves; a sagittal plane that runs vertically through a structure, dividing it into right and left portions; a coronal (frontal) plane that runs vertically through a structure, dividing it into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions; and a transverse (cross-sectional) plane that runs horizontally through a structure, dividing it into upper and lower portions.
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In the anatomical terminology a great variety of terms with the spatial location meaning is used. The fundamental importance in this aspect have Latin and Greek prefixes as follows:
II. LATIN AND GREEK PREFIXES USED IN THE ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
Prefixes |
Meaning of the prefixes |
Examples |
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before/behind |
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Ante- |
before, preceding |
antebrachĭum (forarm) |
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Pre- |
before, ahead of |
presacrālis (presacral) |
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Post- |
after, behind |
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postaortālis (postaortal) |
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Retro- |
back, behind |
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retrocavālis (retrocaval) |
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above/under |
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Supra- |
above |
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supraauriculāris (supra- |
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auricular) |
Infra- |
under; below |
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infraspinālis (infraspinal) |
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Epi- |
on; upon; over |
epigastrĭum epigastrium) |
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Sub- |
under; below |
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subarachnoidālis (subarachnoid) |
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Hypo- |
below; |
incomplete; |
hypochondrĭum (hypochondrium) |
deficient |
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inside/outside |
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Intra- |
within |
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intramusculāris (intramuscular) |
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Endo- |
within |
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endocervicālis (endocervical) |
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Extra- |
outside of; beyond |
extracapsulāris (etracapsular) |
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between |
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Inter- |
between |
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intervertebrālis (intervertebral) |
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Meso- |
middle |
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mesogastrĭum (mesogastrium) |
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to/from |
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Ad- |
to; toward |
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adductor (adductor) |
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Ab- |
from; away from |
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abductor (abductor) |
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beside, around |
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Para- |
beside; beyond; around |
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paraduodenālis (paraduodenal) |
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Peri- |
surrounding (outer) |
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pericardĭum (pericardium) |
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together, joined |
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Syn- |
together; joined |
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synarthrōsis (synarthrosis) |
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Com-(con-) |
together |
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commissūra (commissure) |
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III.EXERCISES
1.Make up new words using prefixes and translate into English:
a) extra- |
cellulāris, e |
cellular |
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capsulāris, e |
capsular |
b) intra- |
craniālis, e |
cranial |
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glandulāris, e |
glandular |
c) infra- |
orbitālis, e |
orbital |
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patellāris, e |
patellar |
d) supra- |
claviculāris, e |
clavicular |
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scapulāris, e |
scapular |
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renālis, e |
renal |
e) para- |
sternālis, e |
sternal |
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vertebrālis, e |
vertebral |
f) inter- |
costālis, e |
costal |
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osseus, a, um |
bony |
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alveolāris, e |
alveolar |
g) pre- (prae) |
centrālis, e |
central |
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axillāris, e |
axillar |
h) retro- |
mandibulāris, e |
mandibular |
i) sub- |
cutaneus, a, um |
cutaneous |
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linguālis, e |
lingular |